Updated on: 23 February 2022

1. Financial interests

a) Received research funding: any grant, contract or gift, commissioned research, or fellowship from The Cochrane Collaboration or a related organisation (i.e. any organisation related to health care or medical research) to conduct research?
Yes - Italian Health Ministery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi Milan, Scoliosis Research Society

b) Had paid consultancies: any paid work, consulting fees (in cash or kind) from a related organisation?
No

c) Received honoraria: one-time payments (in cash or kind) from a related organisation?
No

d) Served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or held a position of management with a related organisation?
Yes - Chief-Editor of the European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Research Coordinator of IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Scientific and Medical Director ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute), Scientific Secretary Gruppo di Studio della Scoliosi

e) Possessed share-holdings, stock, stock options, equity with a related organisation (excludes mutual funds or similar arrangements where the individual has no control over the selection of the shares)?
Yes - ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute)

f) Received personal gifts from a related organisation?
No

g) Had an outstanding loan with a related organisation?
No

h) Received royalty payments from a related organisation?
No

2. Do you have any other competing interests that could pose a conflict of interest that would reasonably appear to be related to the primary interest?
No