Updated on: 23 February 2022

1. Financial interests

a) Received research funding: any grant, contract or gift, commissioned research, or fellowship from The Cochrane Collaboration or a related organisation (i.e. any organisation related to health care or medical research) to conduct research?
Yes - Italian Health Ministery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)

b) Had paid consultancies: any paid work, consulting fees (in cash or kind) from a related organisation?
No

c) Received honoraria: one-time payments (in cash or kind) from a related organisation?
No

d) Served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, employee or held a position of management with a related organisation?
Yes - Chief-Editor of the European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Rehabilitation Research Coordinator of IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Scientific Director of ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute)

e) Possessed share-holdings, stock, stock options, equity with a related organisation (excludes mutual funds or similar arrangements where the individual has no control over the selection of the shares)?
Yes - ISICO (Italian Scientific Spine Institute)

f) Received personal gifts from a related organisation?
No

g) Had an outstanding loan with a related organisation?
No

h) Received royalty payments from a related organisation?
No

2. Do you have any other competing interests that could pose a conflict of interest that would reasonably appear to be related to the primary interest?
No